Bioluminescence is defined as the phenomenon of light production by living organisms. It occurs in various life forms such as bacteria, fungi, and animals. Although the role of bioluminescence is still not fully understood, it is believed to be crucial for attracting sexual partners, providing protection from predators, and facilitating prey capture. Among lightemitting organisms, bacteria stand out as the most abundant and widely distributed. While bioluminescence is indeed a widespread phenomenon, it is notably more common in seas and oceans than on land. Our understanding of bioluminescent bacteria has significantly expanded in recent years through the examination of their evolutionary relationships, symbiotic associations, and the identification of new species and strains. Despite the fascinating nature of these organisms, unfortunately, the existing literature lacks sufficient data. Therefore, the primary objective of this work is to provide a more detailed description of the taxonomy of marine bioluminescent bacteria, elucidate the mechanisms underlying their light production, and explore their relationships with marine organisms.